Actual and perceived social isolation are both associated with increased risk for early mortality. In this meta-analytic review, our objective is to establish the overall and relative
magnitude of social isolation and loneliness and to examine possible moderators.

The American Cancer Society’s Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) in the American Journal of Epidemiology (Jan 2019) finds that attending to social as well as clinical risk factors holds promise for reducing mortality in the United States.Large study. Addressing social isolation may facilitate improved health outcomes.